Tanguturi Prakasam, popularly known as Prakasam Pantulu, was one of the most courageous and respected leaders in India’s freedom struggle. Born on 23 August 1872 and passing away on 20 May 1957, his life was a shining example of courage, patriotism, and service to the nation. A lawyer by profession and a Gandhian by conviction, he played a major role in shaping modern Andhra Pradesh and stood as a symbol of truth, sacrifice, and leadership.
He was affectionately called the “Andhra Kesari” – meaning “Lion of Andhra” – for his fearless stand against British rule and his dedication to justice. His life was filled with challenges, achievements, and contributions that left a lasting mark on India’s political and social history.
Early Life and Education
Tanguturi Prakasam was born in a small village called Kanuparthi, near Ongole in the present-day Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. His father, Tanguturi Rangaiah, was a small farmer, and his mother, Subbamma, was a kind and strong woman who deeply influenced young Prakasam’s character.
Prakasam was an intelligent child with a strong sense of right and wrong. Unfortunately, his father died when he was young, and the family faced financial hardship. Despite this, his mother encouraged him to study and pursue knowledge. She sold some of their small possessions to support his education — a sacrifice that Prakasam would never forget.
He completed his early schooling in Ongole and later went to Rajahmundry and Madras (now Chennai) for higher education. His sharp intellect and desire to serve the public made him choose the field of law.
Journey to England and Legal Career
Like many aspiring Indians of that time, Prakasam dreamed of becoming a barrister — a professional lawyer trained in England. To fulfill this dream, he went to London to study law. This was not easy, as it required courage and determination, especially for someone from a humble background.
During his stay in England, Prakasam came into contact with other young Indians who were also inspired by the ideals of freedom, equality, and justice. He studied law at Middle Temple, one of the four Inns of Court in London, and successfully qualified as a barrister.
After returning to India, he started his legal practice in Madras (now Chennai). His honesty, skill, and command of law quickly earned him respect among his peers and the general public. He became one of the most successful lawyers in the Madras High Court.
But Prakasam was not just interested in wealth or fame. His heart was drawn toward the growing national movement for independence. He believed that his education and position should be used to serve the people and free the country from foreign rule.
Entry into Politics
Prakasam’s entry into politics began when he joined the Indian National Congress in the early 1900s. The Congress was then the main platform for Indians demanding self-rule and rights under British administration.
He was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and his principles of truth (Satya) and non-violence (Ahimsa). However, Prakasam was also known for his fiery nature and fearless speech. He believed that Indians should not be afraid to speak or act against injustice.
His first major appearance as a political leader came during the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhi in 1920. He gave up his thriving law practice to dedicate himself fully to the freedom struggle. This was a great personal sacrifice, as he gave up a lucrative career for the cause of the nation.
The Hero of the Simon Commission Protest
One of the most memorable and courageous moments in Prakasam’s life occurred in 1928, during the protests against the Simon Commission.
The British government had appointed the Simon Commission to discuss constitutional reforms in India, but not a single Indian was included in it. This angered Indians across the country, and protests erupted everywhere with the slogan “Simon Go Back!”
When the Simon Commission visited Madras, thousands of people gathered to protest. The British police opened fire on the crowd. It was at this moment that Tanguturi Prakasam displayed extraordinary courage.
Ignoring the danger, he stood before the armed British soldiers, baring his chest, and shouted:
“Shoot me if you dare!”
His fearless act shocked the soldiers and inspired the nation. This act of bravery earned him the title “Andhra Kesari”, the Lion of Andhra. From that day forward, he was admired as one of the bravest leaders of India’s freedom movement.
A True Gandhian Leader
Although Prakasam was known for his bravery, he also strongly believed in the principles of Mahatma Gandhi. He followed Gandhi’s path of non-violence, truth, and self-reliance. He wore khadi (hand-spun cloth) throughout his life and encouraged others to do the same as a symbol of self-respect and national pride.
He also promoted village industries, education, and social reforms. He was against caste discrimination and believed that every human being deserved respect and dignity. Prakasam worked tirelessly for the upliftment of the poor and the empowerment of women.
Role in Indian Independence Movement
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Prakasam was deeply involved in India’s fight for independence. He participated in major movements like the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.
He was imprisoned several times for taking part in protests and for refusing to cooperate with British authorities. But even in jail, he remained cheerful and firm in his belief that India would one day be free.
Prakasam’s speeches were powerful and inspiring. He motivated thousands of people to join the freedom struggle, especially in the Andhra region. His leadership made the people of the Madras Presidency (which included present-day Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka and Kerala) more politically active and aware of their rights.
Chief Minister of Madras Presidency
After India achieved independence in 1947, Tanguturi Prakasam’s experience and leadership were recognized by the new national government. He became the first Chief Minister of the Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh) in 1946, even before independence, when the interim governments were being formed.
As Chief Minister, Prakasam worked to establish good governance and focus on education, social reform, and development. However, his independent thinking and straightforward approach sometimes created conflicts with other political leaders.
Despite challenges, he remained a leader of integrity. He believed that politics should be a means to serve people, not to gain power or wealth. His short tenure as Chief Minister left a mark of honesty and simplicity in administration.
Formation of Andhra State
One of the most significant parts of Tanguturi Prakasam’s legacy was his role in the formation of the Andhra State.
After independence, the Telugu-speaking people wanted a separate state to preserve their language and culture. This demand gained strength after the death of Potti Sriramulu, who fasted unto death for the cause in 1952.
Following this, the Indian government created the Andhra State in 1953, carved out of the Madras Presidency. Tanguturi Prakasam became the first Chief Minister of Andhra State.
As the first leader of Andhra, he faced many challenges — lack of funds, administrative difficulties, and political divisions. Yet, he worked tirelessly to establish the new state’s foundation and focused on unity among the Telugu-speaking people.
His government emphasized education, agriculture, and public welfare. Though his tenure was brief due to political struggles, his role in creating a separate identity for Andhra remains unforgettable.
A Man of Simplicity and Sacrifice
Tanguturi Prakasam’s life was marked by simplicity and sacrifice. Even after reaching high political positions, he lived a modest life. He never misused his power or wealth.
He donated most of his personal property to public causes and lived in a small house. He believed that true service to the nation meant living for others.
He never hesitated to speak the truth, even if it made him unpopular. His honesty sometimes created enemies, but he never compromised his values. To him, character was more important than comfort.
Later Life and Death
In his later years, Prakasam continued to serve the people through social work and by promoting Gandhian ideals. He remained active in public life, guiding younger leaders and inspiring citizens to live with courage and honesty.
He passed away on 20 May 1957 at the age of 84. His death marked the end of an era of selfless and fearless leadership. People across Andhra Pradesh and India mourned his passing and celebrated his remarkable life.
Legacy and Remembrance
Tanguturi Prakasam’s name continues to inspire generations. Several places, institutions, and public projects have been named in his honor:
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The Prakasam District in Andhra Pradesh was named after him.
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The Prakasam Barrage, a massive structure across the Krishna River at Vijayawada, stands as a tribute to his contribution to the region’s development.
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Statues of Prakasam Pantulu stand proudly in many cities, reminding people of his bravery and patriotism.
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Schools and universities celebrate his birth anniversary on 23 August as a day to remember courage and service.
His life story is taught in schools and remembered in political history as that of a leader who combined intellect, courage, and compassion.
Personality and Ideals
Tanguturi Prakasam’s personality was a unique blend of intellect, idealism, and action. He was fearless in speech and firm in decision-making. Even his opponents respected him for his honesty.
He was deeply spiritual and often quoted the Bhagavad Gita to express his belief in duty and truth. He believed that India’s progress lay in education, morality, and unity among its diverse people.
Prakasam Pantulu often said that freedom was not just political independence, but also the freedom from ignorance, poverty, and injustice. He wanted every Indian to live with self-respect and dignity.
Lessons from His Life
The life of Tanguturi Prakasam offers many lessons for today’s generation:
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Courage in the face of injustice: His fearless act during the Simon Commission protest shows the power of standing for truth.
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Service before self: He sacrificed his career and comfort for the welfare of his people.
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Integrity in leadership: He proved that politics can be clean and guided by values.
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Commitment to education: He believed that education was the key to progress.
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Equality and unity: He fought against social divisions and believed in the equality of all people.
Even today, when corruption and selfishness often dominate public life, Prakasam’s life stands as a shining example of honesty, courage, and patriotism.
Conclusion
Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu was not just a freedom fighter — he was a symbol of courage, truth, and service. From a small-town boy in Andhra to the first Chief Minister of Andhra State, his journey was one of determination and dedication.
He faced the British Empire with nothing but his voice and courage. He led his people with honesty and compassion. He gave his life to build a better future for others.
Today, as India continues its journey of growth and democracy, the memory of Tanguturi Prakasam reminds us that true leadership means living for others and standing for what is right, no matter the cost.
The Lion of Andhra may have passed away decades ago, but his roar for justice, equality, and freedom still echoes in the hearts of millions.
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