When we speak about the heroes of India’s freedom struggle and the builders of modern India, the name of Dr. Rajendra Prasad shines brightly. He was not only an active participant in the fight for independence but also the first President of the Republic of India. His life was a blend of simplicity, honesty, sacrifice, and dedication to the nation.
Early Life and Childhood
Rajendra Prasad was born on 3rd December 1884 in Ziradei, a small village in the Siwan district of Bihar. His father, Mahadev Sahai, was a scholar of Persian and Sanskrit, and his mother, Kamleshwari Devi, was a deeply religious lady.
From an early age, Rajendra Prasad showed signs of intelligence and discipline. His family followed simple village traditions, and young Rajendra grew up in an environment filled with stories of culture, faith, and moral values. This upbringing deeply influenced his personality and thinking.
Education and Early Brilliance
Rajendra Prasad was an exceptionally bright student. He completed his primary education in the village school and later went to Chapra District School. His extraordinary performance impressed everyone.
In 1902, he joined Calcutta Presidency College, where he studied science and later shifted to law. His academic achievements were remarkable:
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He stood first in the entrance examination of Calcutta University.
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He earned a gold medal in English.
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Later, he completed his Master’s degree in Law and went on to become one of the most respected lawyers in the Calcutta and Patna High Courts.
Despite having a promising career as a lawyer, Rajendra Prasad was not fully satisfied. His heart was drawn towards the condition of the poor and the nation’s fight against British rule.
Entry into Public Life
The early 20th century was a time of political awakening in India. The partition of Bengal in 1905 and the rise of nationalist movements inspired Rajendra Prasad to step into public life.
His first big involvement came during the Bihar and Bengal floods of 1914, where he worked tirelessly to help affected people. This spirit of service won him recognition as a true humanitarian.
Role in the Freedom Struggle
Rajendra Prasad’s journey as a freedom fighter began when he came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi’s philosophy of truth and non-violence deeply touched him, and he left his flourishing legal career to join the freedom movement.
Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
One of his earliest contributions was during the Champaran movement, led by Gandhi against the exploitation of indigo farmers. Rajendra Prasad provided full support, organized volunteers, and ensured the movement’s success.
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
When Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement, Rajendra Prasad gave up his legal practice and joined the movement wholeheartedly. He also encouraged students to boycott government schools and join national institutions.
Salt Satyagraha (1930)
He actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, where he was arrested and imprisoned for his involvement.
Quit India Movement (1942)
During the Quit India Movement, Rajendra Prasad was again jailed by the British. Despite repeated imprisonment, he never lost hope and remained committed to the cause of independence.
His dedication made him one of Gandhi’s most trusted associates and one of the most respected leaders of the Indian National Congress.
Humanitarian Work
Apart from political activities, Rajendra Prasad was always at the forefront of social service.
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During the 1914 floods in Bihar, he set up relief camps and provided food, clothing, and shelter to the victims.
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During the earthquake of 1934 in Bihar, he once again led relief efforts, raising funds and personally supervising aid work.
His compassion and selfless service earned him the love and respect of millions.
Contributions to Indian National Congress
Rajendra Prasad rose to great heights in the Indian National Congress (INC). He served as the President of the Congress Party three times (1934, 1939, and 1947).
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In 1934, he was elected Congress President during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
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In 1939, he took charge when Subhas Chandra Bose resigned as President.
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In 1947, as independence neared, he again became President and played a key role in guiding the party during the crucial transfer of power.
Role in Constituent Assembly
After India achieved independence in 1947, a new Constitution was to be drafted. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of the Constituent Assembly.
He presided over the Assembly with dignity and patience. Under his leadership, India’s Constitution was adopted on 26th January 1950, making India a sovereign democratic republic.
First President of India
When India became a republic, Rajendra Prasad was unanimously chosen as the first President of India. He took office on 26th January 1950 and went on to serve two full terms, making him the longest-serving President in Indian history (1950–1962).
As President, he maintained political neutrality and upheld the dignity of his office. He worked closely with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru but never interfered in day-to-day governance. Instead, he focused on strengthening democracy and promoting unity.
Key Contributions as President
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He emphasized agriculture, education, and rural development.
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He promoted Hindi as the national language while respecting linguistic diversity.
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He represented India at many international forums and projected India’s image as a peaceful, democratic nation.
Personality and Values
Rajendra Prasad was known for his simplicity, humility, and honesty. Despite being President, he lived a simple life, wore khadi clothes, and followed Gandhian ideals. He was deeply religious but never mixed religion with politics.
His speeches were marked by clarity, wisdom, and sincerity. He always believed that leadership was about service, not power.
Retirement and Later Life
After serving two terms as President, Rajendra Prasad retired in 1962. He returned to his hometown Patna and lived a quiet life devoted to writing and spirituality.
He authored several books, including:
These works remain valuable sources of insight into his thoughts and India’s freedom struggle.
Death
Rajendra Prasad passed away on 28th February 1963 in Patna, just a year after retiring from the presidency. His death was mourned across the nation.
The Government of India honored him with the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, in 1962.
Legacy
Rajendra Prasad’s legacy is one of service, sacrifice, and statesmanship. He was not only the first President of India but also a teacher, lawyer, social worker, and above all, a patriot.
Today, he is remembered as a leader who placed the nation above himself and lived by the principle of simple living and high thinking. His life continues to inspire generations of Indians.
Conclusion
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was a man of rare qualities. From being a brilliant student and successful lawyer to becoming a freedom fighter, humanitarian, and finally the first President of India, his journey is nothing short of extraordinary.
His simplicity, integrity, and dedication made him a true servant of the nation. In every role he played—whether as a relief worker, Congress leader, President of the Constituent Assembly, or the President of India—he left behind an example of honesty and commitment.
India owes much to this humble son of Bihar, who helped lay the foundations of the world’s largest democracy. His life reminds us that true leadership is not about authority but about selfless service to the people.
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